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JLPT N4 · Particles

かい (kai)

かい — a casual, friendly yes/no question ending

In short · かい is a sentence-final particle that makes a yes/no question, with a soft, friendly tone. It is typically used by men, by older people, or when speaking kindly to someone younger or close, such as a child.
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Pattern

  • 普通形 + かい 元気だ → 元気かい / 行く → 行くかい
  • 普通形 + のかい Adding の makes it a gentle, curious question: 行くのかい

Where it comes from

It is the question か with a softening い added. It sounds a little friendlier and gentler than a bare か. Nouns and na-adjectives take no だ (元気かい).

When to use it

Use it to speak to someone close or younger, as in 元気かい。 or 今日は学校へ行くのかい。 It is often the kind, warm tone of a grandparent speaking to a grandchild.

Things to watch

It is not polite and cannot be used with superiors. Young speakers rarely use it today; they say ~の? or ~かな instead.

Examples

  • 元気(げんき)かい。

    Genki kai.

    Are you doing well?

  • 今日(きょう)は学校(がっこう)へ行(い)くのかい。

    Kyō wa gakkō e iku no kai.

    Are you going to school today?

  • その本(ほん)はもう読(よ)んだのかい。

    Sono hon wa mō yonda no kai.

    Have you read that book yet?

Common mistakes

  • Do not use it in polite situations or with superiors; use ~ですか.
  • Do not add だ: it is 元気かい, not 元気だかい.

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