と聞(き)いた (to kiita)
~と聞いた — I heard that ~
Pattern
-
普通形 + と聞いた/と聞きましたplain form + と聞いた (polite: と聞きました)
How it works
聞く (to hear) is in the past because the hearing already happened. The part before と is what you heard, in plain form: テストがある (there is a test), 引っ越す (will move). The source can be added with から or に: 先生から聞いた.
Similar expressions
~そうだ also reports hearsay and is common in writing. ~と言われている is general hearsay without a personal source. ~と聞いた is natural in conversation when you want to say who or what your information came from.
Examples
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来週(らいしゅう)テストがあると聞(き)きました。
Raishū tesuto ga aru to kikimashita.
I heard there is a test next week.
-
駅前(えきまえ)に新(あたら)しい店(みせ)ができると聞(き)いた。
Ekimae ni atarashii mise ga dekiru to kiita.
I heard that a new shop is opening in front of the station.
-
隣(となり)の人(ひと)が来月(らいげつ)引(ひ)っ越(こ)すと聞(き)きました。
Tonari no hito ga raigetsu hikkosu to kikimashita.
I heard that my neighbor is moving away next month.
Common mistakes
- Use the plain form before と, even in a polite sentence: あると聞きました, not ありますと聞きました.
- The verb is normally past (聞いた). 聞く in the present means “I ask / I will ask”.
More grammar points
- はずだ ~はずだ — “should be ~ / is expected to ~”
- はずがない ~はずがない — “there's no way ~”
- かしら ~かしら — “I wonder ~” (feminine)
- かもしれない ~かもしれない — “might ~ / maybe ~”
- かな ~かな — “I wonder ~”
- きっと きっと — “surely / certainly”
- みたいだ ~みたいだ — “seems like ~ / is like ~”
- みたいな ~みたいな — “~-like / such as ~” (before a noun)
- みたいに ~みたいに — “like ~” (before a verb or adjective)
- に見(み)える ~に見える — “look ~ / appear ~”
- らしい ~らしい — “it seems ~ / I hear ~”
- そうだ ~そうだ — hearsay (“I hear that ~”)
- そうだ ~そうだ — appearance (“looks ~”)
- そうに / そうな ~そうに / ~そうな — adverb and modifier forms of “looks ~”
- と言(い)われている ~と言われている — it is said that ~
- ようだ ~ようだ — it seems ~, it appears ~
- ように / ような ~ように/~ような — like ~, as ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
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