と (to)
~と — whenever ~, (then) ~
Pattern
-
動詞辞書形/ない形 + と、~plain present form + と (e.g. 押す → 押すと) -
名詞/形容詞 + に/く/に + なると、~change of state: 春になると, 暗くなると
How it works
A と B means that whenever or as soon as A happens, B follows as a matter of course. The result is not a choice: a ticket comes out when you press a button, flowers bloom when spring arrives. With a past ending (~と、~た) it describes a discovery or something that happened right after an action.
Restriction on the second half
Because B is a natural result, you cannot put your own will, a request, an invitation or a command in B. 春になると、花見に行きましょう is wrong. For those, use ~たら or ~ば instead.
Examples
-
春(はる)になると、花(はな)が咲(さ)きます。
Haru ni naru to, hana ga sakimasu.
When spring comes, the flowers bloom.
-
このボタンを押(お)すと、切符(きっぷ)が出(で)ます。
Kono botan o osu to, kippu ga demasu.
When you press this button, a ticket comes out.
-
夜(よる)になると、町(まち)が静(しず)かになる。
Yoru ni naru to, machi ga shizuka ni naru.
When night comes, the town becomes quiet.
Common mistakes
- Do not put a request, invitation, command or your own intention after ~と. Use ~たら or ~ば for those.
- と here is the conditional と, not the quotation と (~と言う). Check what follows.
More grammar points
- ば ~ば — the conditional “if ~”
- 場合(ばあい)は ~場合は — “in the case of ~ / if ~”
- なら ~なら — “if it is the case that ~ / if ~”
- たら ~たら — “if / when ~”
- ても ~ても — “even if ~”
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
- 間(あいだ)に ~間に — “while ~ (something happens during that time)”
- あまり~ない あまり~ない — “not very ~ / not much”
- 後(あと)で ~あとで — “after ~ / later”
- ばかり ばかり — “nothing but ~ / only ~”
- だけで ~だけで — “just by ~ / with only ~”
- 出(だ)す ~出す — “start ~ing suddenly”
- でございます ~でございます — the very polite “to be”
- でも 名詞でも — “~ or something / how about ~?”
- ではないか ~ではないか — “isn’t it ~? / isn’t that so?”
- が必要(がひつよう) ~が必要だ — “~ is necessary / needed”
- がする ~がする — sensing a smell, sound, taste or feeling
- がり ~がり — a person who easily feels ~
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