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JLPT N4 · Conditionals (if / when)

と (to)

~と — whenever ~, (then) ~

In short · と links two events: when the first happens, the second naturally or inevitably follows. It attaches to the plain present form of verbs and adjectives. It is used for natural phenomena, machine operations, habits and directions.
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Pattern

  • 動詞辞書形/ない形 + と、~ plain present form + と (e.g. 押す → 押すと)
  • 名詞/形容詞 + に/く/に + なると、~ change of state: 春になると, 暗くなると

How it works

A と B means that whenever or as soon as A happens, B follows as a matter of course. The result is not a choice: a ticket comes out when you press a button, flowers bloom when spring arrives. With a past ending (~と、~た) it describes a discovery or something that happened right after an action.

Restriction on the second half

Because B is a natural result, you cannot put your own will, a request, an invitation or a command in B. 春になると、花見に行きましょう is wrong. For those, use ~たら or ~ば instead.

Examples

  • 春(はる)になると、花(はな)が咲(さ)きます。

    Haru ni naru to, hana ga sakimasu.

    When spring comes, the flowers bloom.

  • このボタンを押(お)すと、切符(きっぷ)が出(で)ます。

    Kono botan o osu to, kippu ga demasu.

    When you press this button, a ticket comes out.

  • 夜(よる)になると、町(まち)が静(しず)かになる。

    Yoru ni naru to, machi ga shizuka ni naru.

    When night comes, the town becomes quiet.

Common mistakes

  • Do not put a request, invitation, command or your own intention after ~と. Use ~たら or ~ば for those.
  • と here is the conditional と, not the quotation と (~と言う). Check what follows.

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