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JLPT N5 · Reason & cause

ので (node)

~ので — “because ~” (softer than から)

In short · ので gives a reason in a soft, objective way: ‘because ~, so …’. It follows the plain form of a verb or い-adjective, and な-adjectives and nouns take な: 病気なので. It is good for polite explanations.
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Pattern

  • 動詞・い形容詞の普通形+ので plain form + ので (降っているので)
  • 名詞/な形容詞+なので noun / na-adjective + なので (病気なので)

Connection

Use the plain form before ので: 時間がないので. For nouns and な-adjectives, the present form is なので (not だので): 病気なので, 静かなので.

Feeling

ので sounds like a natural result of the situation, so it is gentle and polite. It suits apologies, excuses and requests: 用事があるので、お先に失礼します.

Compared with から

から is more direct and can include the speaker's strong will or personal opinion. ので is better when stating an objective reason. Before ので you cannot put commands or requests, but in the main clause you can.

Examples

  • 病気(びょうき)なので、休(やす)みます。

    Byōki na node, yasumimasu.

    Because I'm sick, I'll take the day off.

    Noun 病気 takes な before ので.

  • 雨(あめ)が降(ふ)っているので、家(いえ)にいます。

    Ame ga futte iru node, ie ni imasu.

    Because it's raining, I stay home.

    Plain form 降っている + ので.

  • 時間(じかん)がないので、急(いそ)ぎます。

    Jikan ga nai node, isogimasu.

    Because there's no time, I hurry.

    Plain negative ない + ので.

Common mistakes

  • After a noun or na-adjective use なので, not だので: 病気なので.
  • Use the plain form before ので, not the ます form (休みますので is only used in very formal speech).

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