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JLPT N5 · Sentence patterns

のです (no desu)

~のです — the explaining ending (casual: ~んです)

In short · のです adds an explaining or ‘here is the reason’ feeling to a sentence. It follows the plain form of a verb or adjective, and な-adjectives and nouns take な before の. In conversation it usually becomes んです.
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Pattern

  • 動詞・い形容詞の普通形+のです plain form + のです (痛いのです, 行くのです)
  • 名詞/な形容詞+なのです noun / na-adjective + なのです (休みなのです)

What it does

A plain sentence only states a fact. Adding のです tells the listener ‘this is the explanation / the situation’. When asking, どうしたのですか means ‘What's the matter?’ and invites an explanation.

Connection

Use the plain form before のです: 頭が痛いのです. For a noun or na-adjective, the plain present form is だ, which changes to な before の: 休みなのです, 元気なのです.

Spoken form

In daily speech, のです becomes んです (more polite: んですか). It is softer and more natural than a bare statement when giving a reason or asking about one.

Examples

  • どうしたのですか。

    Dō shita no desu ka.

    What's the matter?

    Asks for an explanation of the situation.

  • 頭(あたま)が痛(いた)いのです。

    Atama ga itai no desu.

    It's that my head hurts.

    Gives the reason or situation. Natural English: ‘My head hurts.’

  • 今日(きょう)は休(やす)みなのです。

    Kyō wa yasumi na no desu.

    It's that today is a day off.

    Noun 休み takes な before の.

Common mistakes

  • After a noun or na-adjective use なのです, not だのです or のです alone: 休みなのです.
  • It is not needed in every sentence. Use it when explaining or asking for a reason.

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