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JLPT N4 · Requests, permission & prohibition

なさい (nasai)

~なさい — “do ~” (gentle command)

In short · ~なさい is a command used by someone in a position of authority, such as a parent, teacher or the instructions on a test paper. It attaches to the ます-stem and is softer than a bare imperative, but it is still an order and not for superiors.
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Pattern

  • 動詞ます形の語幹 + なさい 寝る → 寝なさい / 食べる → 食べなさい / 洗う → 洗いなさい
  • お/ご + 名詞(する動詞)+ なさい Formal usage in instructions: 次の文を読みなさい

Where it comes from

It is the imperative なさい of the honorific verb なさる, attached to another verb. It once meant a polite “please do ~,” but today it is an instruction used by parents to children and by teachers to students.

When to use it

Use it for instructions at home and school: もう遅いから、早く寝なさい, 野菜もちゃんと食べなさい, 手を洗ってから食事をしなさい. Test questions use 選びなさい and 答えなさい.

Things to watch

It is softer than the plain imperative (食べろ), but still an order. To friends, use ~て or ~よう; to superiors, use ~てください or ~てくださいませんか.

Examples

  • もう遅(おそ)いから、早(はや)く寝(ね)なさい。

    Mō osoi kara, hayaku nenasai.

    It's late, so go to bed early.

  • 野菜(やさい)もちゃんと食(た)べなさい。

    Yasai mo chanto tabenasai.

    Eat your vegetables properly too.

  • 手(て)を洗(あら)ってから食事(しょくじ)をしなさい。

    Te o aratte kara shokuji o shinasai.

    Wash your hands before you eat.

Common mistakes

  • Never use it to superiors. 先生、見なさい is rude; say ご覧ください.
  • Attach it to the ます-stem. 食べるなさい and 食べてなさい are wrong.

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