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JLPT N4 · Degree & extent

なかなか~ない (nakanaka~nai)

なかなか~ない — “not easily ~ / just won't ~”

In short · なかなか with a negative verb means that something does not happen easily, or does not happen even though you expect or wish it to. It carries a feeling of difficulty, waiting or frustration.
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Pattern

  • なかなか + 動詞ない形(〜ない) なかなか来ない / なかなか解けない
  • なかなか + 可能形の否定(〜られない・〜けない) Often with potential negatives: なかなか寝られない

Where it comes from

The adverb なかなか with an affirmative means “quite, better than expected” (なかなか上手だ); with a negative it means “not easily ~.” This entry is the negative pattern.

When to use it

Use it when waiting does not bring what you want: バスがなかなか来ない, 問題がなかなか解けない. The verbs are usually ones that proceed naturally, or negative potentials, rather than deliberate actions.

Things to watch

Unlike 全然~ない, it leaves room for it to happen eventually; it just takes time. It is common when expectations are not met, as in 約束の時間になっても、友だちはなかなか来ない.

Examples

  • バスがなかなか来(こ)ない。

    Basu ga nakanaka konai.

    The bus just won't come.

  • この問題(もんだい)はなかなか解(と)けない。

    Kono mondai wa nakanaka tokenai.

    This problem just won't get solved easily.

  • 約束(やくそく)の時間(じかん)になっても、友(とも)だちはなかなか来(こ)ない。

    Yakusoku no jikan ni natte mo, tomodachi wa nakanaka konai.

    Even when the promised time comes, my friend just won't show up.

Common mistakes

  • Pair it with a negative. The affirmative なかなか上手だ means “better than expected,” a different meaning.
  • 全然~ない means “not at all”; なかなか~ない means “not easily, it takes time.”

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