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JLPT N4 · Requests, permission & prohibition

な (na)

~な — “don't ~!” (negative command)

In short · Attaching な to the dictionary form of a verb gives a blunt negative command: “don't ~!” It is used by men or in strong, direct situations such as warnings or signs, not in polite speech.
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Pattern

  • 動詞辞書形 + な 触る → 触るな / 吸う → 吸うな / 話す → 話すな

Where it comes from

It is the sentence-final particle な attached directly to the dictionary form: する becomes するな and 来る becomes 来るな. A reason is often added, as in 危ないから、触るな.

When to use it

Use it for short, forceful orders: warning of danger, a parent scolding a child, signs and slogans (立ち入るな). Examples are ここでたばこを吸うな and 授業中に話すな.

Difference from polite forms

It is a strong prohibition, so never use it to superiors or strangers. Politely, use ~ないでください or ~てはいけません; for a gentler casual tone, use ~ちゃだめ.

Examples

  • 危(あぶ)ないから、触(さわ)るな。

    Abunai kara, sawaru na.

    It's dangerous, so don't touch it.

  • ここでたばこを吸(す)うな。

    Koko de tabako o suu na.

    Don't smoke here.

  • 授業中(じゅぎょうちゅう)に話(はな)すな。

    Jugyōchū ni hanasu na.

    Don't talk during class.

Common mistakes

  • This final な is a strong order; do not use it with superiors or people you have just met.
  • Attach it to the dictionary form (食べるな), not the ない form (食べないな).

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