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JLPT N4 · Sentence patterns

こと (koto)

こと — turning a verb into a noun

In short · Added to the dictionary or ない form of a verb, こと turns the action into a noun phrase (“the act of ~ing”). This lets the action become the subject or the predicate: 趣味は写真を撮ることです.
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Pattern

  • 動詞辞書形・ない形 + こと 撮る → 撮ること / 続ける → 続けること
  • 〜ことが + 大切だ・好きだ・夢だ など As a subject: 続けることが大切だ

Where it comes from

こと is a noun meaning “thing, matter.” After a verb it makes “the matter of doing ~.” Like a noun, it can take particles such as は, が and を.

When to use it

Use it to talk about hobbies, dreams and what matters: 私の趣味は写真を撮ることです, 外国で働くことが夢です. 〜ことが好きだ can replace ~のが好きだ.

Difference from の

の can also nominalize a verb, but for perception verbs such as 見る and 聞く use の (歩くのが見えた). For hobbies, goals and ~ことです sentences, use こと.

Examples

  • 私(わたし)の趣味(しゅみ)は写真(しゃしん)を撮(と)ることです。

    Watashi no shumi wa shashin o toru koto desu.

    My hobby is taking photos.

  • 毎日(まいにち)続(つづ)けることが大切(たいせつ)だ。

    Mainichi tsuzukeru koto ga taisetsu da.

    Continuing every day is what matters.

  • 外国(がいこく)で働(はたら)くことが夢(ゆめ)です。

    Gaikoku de hataraku koto ga yume desu.

    My dream is to work abroad.

Common mistakes

  • Use the dictionary or ない form before こと. With the past form (撮ったこと) the meaning changes to “having done it before.”
  • With perception verbs such as 見える and 聞こえる, use の, not こと.

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