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JLPT N4 · Degree & extent

全然(ぜんぜん)~ない (zenzen~nai)

全然~ない — not at all ~

In short · Used with a negative verb or adjective to deny something completely: “not at all.” 全然 is an adverb placed before the predicate. It is used for verbs, adjectives and abilities.
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Pattern

  • 全然 + 動詞ない形 全然 + ない-form: 全然飲まない (don't drink at all)
  • 全然 + 形容詞くない 全然 + adjective negative: 全然おいしくない

Strong, complete denial

全然 raises the denial to zero: not even a little. 分からない means “I don't understand”, and 全然分からない means “I understand nothing at all”. It is stronger than あまり~ない (not very) and a bit casual.

Note on spoken usage

In young people's speech you may hear 全然いい or 全然大丈夫 meaning “completely fine”, but for tests and formal writing, 全然 goes with a negative. Compare ちっとも~ない and まったく~ない.

Examples

  • お酒(さけ)は全然(ぜんぜん)飲(の)まない。

    Osake wa zenzen nomanai.

    I don't drink alcohol at all.

  • この問題(もんだい)の意味(いみ)が全然(ぜんぜん)分(わ)からない。

    Kono mondai no imi ga zenzen wakaranai.

    I don't understand the meaning of this problem at all.

  • 薬(くすり)を飲(の)んだのに、熱(ねつ)が全然(ぜんぜん)下(さ)がらない。

    Kusuri o nonda noni, netsu ga zenzen sagaranai.

    Even though I took medicine, my fever won't go down at all.

Common mistakes

  • In the standard grammar tested at JLPT, 全然 is used with a negative: 全然分からない. Do not use it with a plain positive.
  • Pair it with the predicate it negates; keep 全然 right before it.

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