JLPTMainichi JLPT
English
JLPT N3 · Conditionals (if / when)

ないと (naito)

~ないと — if you don't ~, then ~ (so you must ~)

In short · Means 'if you don't ~, something bad will happen' and shows that one must do it. Add と to the ない form. The second half gives the consequence or the needed action.
A free study page from Mainichi JLPT — the app has 429+ grammar points, plus vocabulary and mock exams.See the app

Pattern

  • Vない形+と ない-form + と

Meaning and form

急がないと電車に遅れる states a condition and its result. A sentence cut short, as in もう帰らないと, means 'I have to go home' and explains one's situation.

Compared with similar forms

More conversational than ~なければならない. ~ないと is often left hanging with だめだ or いけない omitted. For politeness use ~ないといけません or ~なければなりません.

Examples

  • 急(いそ)がないと、電車(でんしゃ)に遅(おく)れる。

    Isoganai to, densha ni okureru.

    If we don't hurry, we'll miss the train.

  • 薬(くすり)は食後(しょくご)に飲(の)まないと、効(き)かない。

    Kusuri wa shokugo ni nomanai to, kikanai.

    If you don't take the medicine after meals, it won't work.

  • もう帰(かえ)らないと、母(はは)に叱(しか)られる。

    Mō kaeranai to, haha ni shikarareru.

    If I don't go home now, my mother will scold me.

Common mistakes

  • A good outcome cannot follow it: 勉強しないと合格する is wrong.
  • With superiors use a polite form; ending with 帰らないと alone sounds casual.

More grammar points

Practice this in the app

Mainichi JLPT turns these grammar points into daily quizzes and a readiness gauge — 100% free, no sign-up.

See the app