JLPT N3 · Degree & extent
ほど (hodo)
~ほど — to the extent of ~
In short · Shows how far a condition goes by giving an example of the extent. In 'tired to death' the exaggeration conveys a high degree. It follows the plain form of a verb or adjective, or a noun.
Pattern
-
V普通形/Aい/N+ほどPlain form / い-adj / noun + ほど
Meaning
'~ほど + predicate' says the predicate is true to the extent of what comes before. Extreme examples are common: 死ぬほど, 涙が出るほど, 立っていられないほど.
Notes
Often interchangeable with くらい/ぐらい, but ほど is a little more polite and bookish. With numbers it means 'about': 十人ほど. ほど~ない (comparison) is a separate pattern.
Examples
-
死(し)ぬほど疲(つか)れました。
Shinu hodo tsukaremashita.
I'm tired to death.
-
立(た)っていられないほどお腹(なか)が痛(いた)い。
Tatte irarenai hodo onaka ga itai.
My stomach hurts so much that I can't stand up.
-
涙(なみだ)が出(で)るほど笑(わら)った。
Namida ga deru hodo waratta.
I laughed so hard that tears came out.
Common mistakes
- 死ぬほど does not mean someone actually dies. It only stresses the degree.
- Use the plain form before ほど: 出るほど, not 出ますほど.
More grammar points
- あまり あまりの~に — so ~ that ~
- あまりにも あまりにも — far too ~, excessively
- ば~ほど ~ば~ほど — the more ~, the more ~
- 別(べつ)に~ない 別に~ない — not particularly ~
- だけ だけ — only, just; as much as ~
- どうしても どうしても — no matter what, absolutely
- ほど~ない A ほど~ない — not as ~ as A
- 決(けっ)して~ない 決して~ない — never ~
- くらい / ぐらい くらい/ぐらい — about ~, to the extent of ~
- めったに~ない めったに~ない — rarely ~
- なかなか なかなか — quite / (not) easily
- なるべく なるべく — as much as possible
- に比(くら)べて ~に比べて — compared with ~
- さえ ~さえ — even ~
- せいぜい せいぜい — at most / at best
- 数量(すうりょう) + は 数量+は — “at least (amount)”
- とても~ない とても~ない — “can't possibly ~”
- よりも ~よりも — “more than ~ / rather than ~”
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