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JLPT N3 · Time & sequence

中(ちゅう) (chuu / juu)

~中 (ちゅう/じゅう) — during ~, within ~

In short · The kanji 中 has two readings with different meanings. ちゅう means “in the middle of / during” (会議中), and じゅう means “throughout / within the whole of” (今日中). It attaches to nouns of time and activity.
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Pattern

  • 動作名詞 + 中(ちゅう) in the middle of (an action): 会議中, 勉強中, 使用中
  • 時間の名詞 + 中(じゅう) throughout / by the end of: 今日中, 今週中, 一日中

ちゅう: in the middle of

After a noun of an action, 中 (ちゅう) means that the action is going on now: 会議中 (in a meeting), 電話中 (on the phone). Signs use it often: 使用中, 営業中. The next example (会議中は…) means “while the meeting is going on.”

じゅう: within a period

After a period of time, 中 (じゅう) means the whole of it or any time within it: 今日中に終わらせる (finish within today), 一日中 (all day long). With a deadline, it means “by the end of that period.”

Examples

  • 今日(きょう)中(じゅう)にこの仕事(しごと)を終(お)わらせます。

    Kyō-jū ni kono shigoto o owarasemasu.

    I'll finish this work by the end of today.

  • 今週(こんしゅう)中(じゅう)に返事(へんじ)をください。

    Konshū-jū ni henji o kudasai.

    Please give me a reply by the end of this week.

  • 会議(かいぎ)中(ちゅう)は携帯電話(けいたいでんわ)の電源(でんげん)を切(き)ってください。

    Kaigi-chū wa keitai denwa no dengen o kitte kudasai.

    Please turn off your cell phone during the meeting.

Common mistakes

  • Mind the reading: 今日中 is きょうじゅう (within today), 会議中 is かいぎちゅう (during the meeting).
  • With a period of time, 〜中に means a deadline. Do not use it for something that will continue after the period.

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