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JLPT N4 · Verb forms

てくる (te kuru)

~てくる — “go and come back / become / start to ~”

In short · Attaching くる to the te-form has several meanings: (1) go somewhere and come back, (2) a change that has been happening up to now, (3) a state or action beginning.
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Pattern

  • 動詞て形+くる Verb te-form + くる (買ってくる)
  • 〜くなってくる ~くなってくる (gradually becomes ~)

Three meanings

買ってくる (go and come back), 寒くなってくる (change), 雨が降ってくる (starts). The verb and context decide which.

Relation to ていく

てくる is change from the past toward now; ていく is change from now toward the future.

Examples

  • だんだん寒(さむ)くなってきました。

    Dandan samuku natte kimashita.

    It has gradually become cold.

  • スーパーで牛乳(ぎゅうにゅう)を買(か)ってきます。

    Sūpā de gyūnyū o katte kimasu.

    I'll go buy some milk at the supermarket and come back.

  • 空(そら)が暗(くら)くなって、雨(あめ)が降(ふ)ってきた。

    Sora ga kuraku natte, ame ga futte kita.

    The sky got dark and it started to rain.

Common mistakes

  • As an auxiliary, くる is normally written in kana.
  • Change-てくる is up to now; for the future use ていく.

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