かもしれない (kamo shirenai)
~かもしれない — “might ~ / maybe ~”
Pattern
-
動詞・い形容詞の普通形 + かもしれない降る → 降るかもしれない / 帰った → 帰ったかもしれない -
名詞・な形容詞(だ を除く)+ かもしれない雨かもしれない / 間違いかもしれない
Where it comes from
It combines かも and しれない (“cannot know”), originally meaning “I can't tell whether it is so.” From that came the sense “it is possible.” In speech, かも alone is common.
When to use it
Use it to make a modest guess about things you are unsure of, such as weather or other people's actions: 午後から雨が降るかもしれません. The chance may be about half or even low.
Difference from similar words
はずだ and きっと show strong confidence; かもしれない shows low confidence and offers one possibility among others. でしょう is the speaker's guess, while かもしれない signals that other possibilities remain.
Examples
-
午後(ごご)から雨(あめ)が降(ふ)るかもしれません。
Gogo kara ame ga furu kamo shiremasen.
It might rain in the afternoon.
-
彼(かれ)はもう家(いえ)に帰(かえ)ったかもしれない。
Kare wa mō ie ni kaetta kamo shirenai.
He might have already gone home.
The past plain form (帰った) refers to something that may already have happened.
-
この道(みち)は間違(まちが)っているかもしれません。
Kono michi wa machigatte iru kamo shiremasen.
This road might be the wrong one.
Common mistakes
- Do not use だ before it: 雨かもしれない, not 雨だかもしれない.
- Do not use it for things you are sure of; use はずだ or にちがいない.
More grammar points
- はずだ ~はずだ — “should be ~ / is expected to ~”
- はずがない ~はずがない — “there's no way ~”
- かしら ~かしら — “I wonder ~” (feminine)
- かな ~かな — “I wonder ~”
- きっと きっと — “surely / certainly”
- みたいだ ~みたいだ — “seems like ~ / is like ~”
- みたいな ~みたいな — “~-like / such as ~” (before a noun)
- みたいに ~みたいに — “like ~” (before a verb or adjective)
- に見(み)える ~に見える — “look ~ / appear ~”
- らしい ~らしい — “it seems ~ / I hear ~”
- そうだ ~そうだ — hearsay (“I hear that ~”)
- そうだ ~そうだ — appearance (“looks ~”)
- そうに / そうな ~そうに / ~そうな — adverb and modifier forms of “looks ~”
- と言(い)われている ~と言われている — it is said that ~
- と聞(き)いた ~と聞いた — I heard that ~
- ようだ ~ようだ — it seems ~, it appears ~
- ように / ような ~ように/~ような — like ~, as ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
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