じゃないか (janai ka)
~じゃないか — “isn't it?” / “let's ~, shall we?”
Pattern
-
普通形(名詞・な形容詞は だ を除く)+ じゃないかいい天気じゃないか (Nice weather, isn't it!) -
動詞の意向形 + じゃないか行こうじゃないか (Let's go, shall we?)
Where it comes from
It is the casual form of ~ではないか. It looks like a negative question, but it does not really ask “isn't it?” Instead it calls the listener's attention (“look, it's ~”) or asks for agreement.
When to use it
For a remark or exclamation, as in いい天気じゃないか, the ending falls. After the volitional form, as in みんなで行こうじゃないか, it becomes a fairly strong call to your group: “let's do it.”
Things to watch
It sounds casual and rather masculine. With women or superiors, ~ではありませんか or ~でしょう is more natural. ~じゃない? has a similar meaning and is used more widely.
Examples
-
みんなで一緒(いっしょ)に行(い)こうじゃないか。
Minna de issho ni ikō janai ka.
Let's all go together, shall we?
Volitional form + じゃないか = a call to join in.
-
いい天気(てんき)じゃないか、散歩(さんぽ)に行(い)こう。
Ii tenki janai ka, sanpo ni ikō.
It's nice weather, isn't it—let's go for a walk.
-
もう少(すこ)し待(ま)ってみようじゃないか。
Mō sukoshi matte miyō janai ka.
Let's wait a little longer, shall we?
Common mistakes
- It is not a real negative question. いい天気じゃないか means “what nice weather,” not “isn't the weather good?” as a question.
- Do not use it with superiors. Politely, say ~ではありませんか or ~ましょう.
More grammar points
- でも 名詞でも — “~ or something / how about ~?”
- ではないか ~ではないか — “isn’t it ~? / isn’t that so?”
- が必要(がひつよう) ~が必要だ — “~ is necessary / needed”
- がする ~がする — sensing a smell, sound, taste or feeling
- かどうか ~かどうか — “whether (or not) ~”
- から作(つく)る ~から作る — “made from ~ (raw material)”
- こと こと — turning a verb into a noun
- ことがある ~ことがある — “there are times when ~”
- ことになる ~ことになる — “it has been decided that ~ / it ends up that ~”
- ことにする ~ことにする — “decide to ~”
- くする ~くする — “make it ~” (with i-adjectives)
- まま ~まま — “as it is / left as ~”
- または または — “or”
- など など — “and so on / things like ~”
- ながら ~ながら — doing two things at once
- に気(き)がつく ~に気がつく — “notice ~ / become aware of ~”
- にする ~にする — “decide on ~ / make it ~”
- のに ~のに — “even though ~” (against expectation)
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