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JLPT N3 · Sentence patterns

ばよかった (ba yokatta)

~ばよかった — I should have ~, if only I had ~

In short · Expresses regret about a past action: “I should have ~ / I wish I had ~.” It attaches to the ば-form of a verb (the negative is ~なければよかった). It looks back at what you did or did not do.
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Pattern

  • 動詞ば形 + よかった I should have done it: 出ればよかった
  • 動詞ない形 → なければ + よかった I should not have done it: 言わなければよかった

Regret about the past

Positive ~ばよかった says you wish you had done something you did not do: もっと早く家を出ればよかった. Negative ~なければよかった says you wish you had not done something you did: 言わなければよかった. The event is already over and cannot be changed.

Close expressions

~たらよかった is almost the same. ~べきだった (“I should have”) is stronger and contains a sense of duty. Add と後悔した or と思った after the clause to report the regret: 持ってくればよかったと後悔した.

Examples

  • もっと早(はや)く家(いえ)を出(で)ればよかった。

    Motto hayaku ie o dereba yokatta.

    I should have left home earlier.

  • あんなひどいことを言(い)わなければよかった。

    Anna hidoi koto o iwanakereba yokatta.

    I shouldn't have said such an awful thing.

  • 傘(かさ)を持(も)ってくればよかったと後悔(こうかい)した。

    Kasa o motte kureba yokatta to kōkai shita.

    I regretted not having brought an umbrella.

Common mistakes

  • It is only for past events. For advice about the future, use ~ばいい or ~たほうがいい.
  • Do not confuse ~なければよかった (should not have) with ~なくてよかった (glad it wasn't necessary).

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