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JLPT N3 · Sentence patterns

代(か)わりに (kawari ni)

~代わりに — instead of ~, in return for ~

In short · Has two uses: doing or using something else in place of the original, and giving something in return for a favor or benefit. Nouns take の; verbs and adjectives take the plain form.
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Pattern

  • Nの+代わりに Noun + の + 代わりに
  • V普通形/Aい/Aなだ→な+代わりに Plain form + 代わりに

Meaning 1: substitution

'A のかわりに B' means doing or using B instead of A. 父の代わりに会議に出る means attending the meeting because your father cannot.

Meaning 2: return or trade-off

~してくれた代わりに、~する expresses giving something back for a favor. It can also balance a good point against a bad one: 安い代わりに、味はよくない (cheap, but the taste suffers).

Examples

  • 父(ちち)の代(か)わりに私(わたし)が会議(かいぎ)に出(で)ます。

    Chichi no kawari ni watashi ga kaigi ni demasu.

    I'll attend the meeting instead of my father.

  • エレベーターの代(か)わりに階段(かいだん)を使(つか)った。

    Erebētā no kawari ni kaidan o tsukatta.

    I used the stairs instead of the elevator.

  • 手伝(てつだ)ってくれた代(か)わりに、昼食(ちゅうしょく)をごちそうした。

    Tetsudatte kureta kawari ni, chūshoku o gochisō shita.

    In return for helping me, I treated them to lunch.

Common mistakes

  • Nouns need の: 父の代わりに, not 父代わりに.
  • Tell the two meanings apart by context: substitution or return.

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