GRAMMAR / 27
म संगीत सुन्दै पढ्छु।
ma saṅgīt sundai paḍhchu
I study while listening to music.
Pattern and choice
-दै versus -दा
खाँदै बोल्नु (to speak while eating)
खाँदै बोल्नु (to speak while eating) combines simultaneous eating and speaking; खाँदा supplies when eating. -दै marks overlap/progression, while -दा/-ँदा forms a temporal background.
A finite progressive adds a छ-family auxiliary to -दै.
पढेपछि means after reading; पढेको बेला (at the time of reading) at the time of reading. -एपछि establishes completed succession.
Do not retain the first-person finite past ending as in पढेँपछि.
Compare खानुअघि before eating with खाएपछि after eating: the linking forms differ, -नु versus -ए.
Noun combinations such as खानाअघि/खानापछि follow a different construction.
दुई बजेसम्म (until/by two o'clock, depending on the verb) means until/by two o'clock, दुई घण्टाभित्र (within two hours) within two hours, दुई घण्टापछि (after two hours) after two hours.
The unit and marker jointly express endpoint, deadline or delay.
आउनेबित्तिकै means immediately upon arrival; आएपछि after arrival. बित्तिकै emphasizes immediacy.
See topic 29 for temporal जब…तब/जहिले, distinct from conditional भने.
| Form and reading | Meaning and use | Short construction |
|---|---|---|
| -दै・-एपछि -dai / -epachi | while doing, after doing | पढ्दै / paḍhdai; पढेपछि / paḍhepachi |
| अघि・अगाडि・पहिले aghi / agāḍi / pahile | before in time | खानुअघि / khānuaghi |
| पछि・पश्चात् pachi / paścāt | after; पश्चात् is more formal | कक्षापछि / kakṣāpachi |
| भित्र bhitra | within a period | दुई दिनभित्र / duī dinbhitra |
MAKE IT YOURS
म संगीत सुन्दै पढ्छु।
ma saṅgīt sundai paḍhchu
| Word or form | Reading | Meaning in this sentence |
|---|---|---|
| म | ma | I |
| संगीत | saṅgīt | music |
| सुन्दै | sundai | while listening |
| पढ्छु | paḍhchu | read; study |
उहाँ गीत गाउँदै काम गर्नुहुन्छ।
uhā̃ gīt gāũdai kām garnuhuncha
| Word or form | Reading | Meaning in this sentence |
|---|---|---|
| उहाँ | uhā̃ | he/she (respectful) |
| गीत | gīt | song |
| गाउँदै | gāũdai | while singing |
| काम | kām | work |
| गर्नुहुन्छ | garnuhuncha | do/does (respectful) |
हामी कुरा गर्दै हिँड्छौं।
hāmī kurā gardai hĩḍchaũ
| Word or form | Reading | Meaning in this sentence |
|---|---|---|
| हामी | hāmī | we |
| कुरा | kurā | talk |
| गर्दै | gardai | while doing |
| हिँड्छौं | hĩḍchaũ | walk; walks |
