GRAMMAR / 26
मलाई चिया र कफी मन पर्छ।
malāī ciyā ra kaphī man parcha
I like tea and coffee.
Pattern and choice
र versus अनि
चिया र पानी (tea and water)
चिया र पानी (tea and water) coordinates two items. खाना खाएँ अनि गएँ (I ate and then went) explicitly sequences eating then going. र can also join clauses, but अनि foregrounds succession.
सानो छ तर राम्रो छ (it is small but good) contrasts smallness with goodness. सानो पनि छ (it is also small) adds smallness as another property. तर links contrast; पनि adds the preceding element.
Their positions and roles differ.
म गएनँ किनभने पानी पर्यो (I did not go because it rained) introduces the reason after the main statement. पानी परेकोले म गएनँ (I did not go because it rained) places a -एकोले reason clause first.
Do not attach ले directly to every finite simple-past verb.
वर्षाका कारण (because of rain) supplies a cause, rain; पढ्नको लागि (in order to read/study) an intended purpose, study.
Cause का कारण (because of) and purpose को लागि (for; in order to) are not interchangeable.
पानी परे पनि जान्छु (I will go even if it rains) concedes even if it rains. पानी पर्यो तर गएँ (it rained, but I went) contrasts two reported events.
The first uses -ए पनि (even if/although, part of a linking pattern); the second uses तर. का बाबजुद (despite) follows a noun phrase for despite.
| Form and reading | Meaning and use | Short construction |
|---|---|---|
| र・अनि・तर・पनि ra / ani / tara / pani | and, then, but, also | चिया र पानी / ciyā ra pānī |
| किनभने・-एकोले kinabhane / -ekole | because, since | समय नभएकोले / samay nabhaekole |
| का कारण・को कारणले・को वजहले kā kāraṇ / ko kāraṇle / ko vajahle | because of | वर्षाका कारण / varṣākā kāraṇ |
| का बाबजुद・हुँदाहुँदै kā bābajud / hũdāhũdai | despite; the latter is verbal | वर्षाका बाबजुद / varṣākā bābajud |
With पनि, also check what the word too applies to.
MAKE IT YOURS
मलाई चिया र कफी मन पर्छ।
malāī ciyā ra kaphī man parcha
| Word or form | Reading | Meaning in this sentence |
|---|---|---|
| मलाई | malāī | to me; me |
| चिया | ciyā | tea |
| र | ra | and |
| कफी | kaphī | coffee |
| मन | man | mind; desire |
| पर्छ | parcha | like; likes |
यहाँ किताब र कापी छन्।
yahā̃ kitāb ra kāpī chan
| Word or form | Reading | Meaning in this sentence |
|---|---|---|
| यहाँ | yahā̃ | here |
| किताब | kitāb | book |
| र | ra | and |
| कापी | kāpī | notebook |
| छन् | chan | is; are (existence) |
म घर जान्छु अनि सुत्छु।
ma ghar jānchu ani sutchu
| Word or form | Reading | Meaning in this sentence |
|---|---|---|
| म | ma | I |
| घर | ghar | home; house |
| जान्छु | jānchu | go; goes |
| अनि | ani | and then |
| सुत्छु | sutchu | sleep; sleeps |
