I work.
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म काम गर्छु।
ma kām garchu
| Word or form | Reading | Meaning in this sentence |
|---|---|---|
| म | ma | I |
| काम | kām | work |
| गर्छु | garchu | do; does |
GRAMMAR / 08
Action verbs: present (do ~)
म काम गर्छु।
ma kām garchu
I work.
Pattern and choice
From -नु to the present
पढ्नु→पढ्छु / गर्नु→गर्छु / खानु→खान्छु
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② Nepali grammar rules
1. From -नु to the present
Compare पढ्नु→पढ्छु / गर्नु→गर्छु / खानु→खान्छु, plus जानु→जान्छु / आउनु→आउँछु.
Form the present from the appropriate stem; sound changes mean that mechanically adding छ to every dictionary form is insufficient.
2. I, we and respectful forms
Compare म पढ्छु (I read/study) / हामी पढ्छौं (we read/study) / तपाईं पढ्नुहुन्छ (you read, respectful) / उहाँहरू पढ्नुहुन्छ (they read, respectful).
Respectful forms contain -नुहुन्छ; do not append हुन्छ to a complete पढ्छु.
3. Objects and लाई
म किताब पढ्छु (I read a book) has basic subject–object–verb order.
An indefinite thing need not take लाई; a particular person as object can, as in उहाँलाई भेट्छु (I meet him/her, respectful object).
4. Habitual versus progressive
म बिहान पढ्छु (I study in the morning) describes a morning routine; म अहिले पढ्दै छु (I am reading now) an action in progress. पढ्छु is not limited to right now; frequent combinations include सधैं, हरेक दिन (every day), प्रायः.
5. Present forms for plans
भोलि म जान्छु (I will go tomorrow) describes a future plan using a present form plus भोलि.
Dedicated future जानेछु is another option.
Compare negative जान्छु→जाँदिनँ and question कहिले जानुहुन्छ? (when do you go, respectful).
A reference table for comparing personal forms
| Person | Form and reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I | म काम गर्छु। ma kām garchu | I work. |
| we | हामी काम गर्छौं। hāmī kām garchaũ | We work. |
| you | तपाईं काम गर्नुहुन्छ। tapāĩ kām garnuhuncha | You work. |
| you plural | तपाईंहरू काम गर्नुहुन्छ। tapāĩharū kām garnuhuncha | You work. |
| he/she | उहाँ काम गर्नुहुन्छ। uhā̃ kām garnuhuncha | She works. |
| they | उहाँहरू काम गर्नुहुन्छ। uhā̃harū kām garnuhuncha | They work. |
MAKE IT YOURS
Try it yourself first
Do you exercise every day?
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तपाईं हरेक दिन व्यायाम गर्नुहुन्छ?
tapāĩ harek din vyāyām garnuhuncha?
| Word or form | Reading | Meaning in this sentence |
|---|---|---|
| तपाईं | tapāĩ | you (respectful) |
| हरेक | harek | every |
| दिन | din | day |
| व्यायाम | vyāyām | exercise |
| गर्नुहुन्छ | garnuhuncha | do; does (respectful) |
I get up at seven in the morning.
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म बिहान सात बजे उठ्छु।
ma bihān sāt baje uṭhchu
| Word or form | Reading | Meaning in this sentence |
|---|---|---|
| म | ma | I |
| बिहान | bihān | morning |
| सात | sāt | seven |
| बजे | baje | at ... o'clock |
| उठ्छु | uṭhchu | get up |