JLPT N4 · Guessing & hearsay
そうだ (sou da [2])
~そうだ — appearance (“looks ~”)
In short · Says that something looks like ~ judging from its appearance. Attach そうだ to a verb stem or the stem of an i- or na-adjective. It can also mean “about to happen”, as in 雨が降りそうだ.
Pattern
-
動詞ます形の語幹+そうだVerb stem + そうだ (降りそうだ / 壊れそうだ) -
形容詞の語幹+そうだAdjective stem + そうだ (おいしそうだ)
How to make it
For i-adjectives drop い (おいしい → おいしそう); いい → よさそう and ない → なさそう. Verbs take the stem.
Cautions
It describes the speaker’s impression from looking, so it is not used for something you have already tasted. It does not attach to nouns or past facts. To pass on information heard, use the hearsay そうだ instead.
Examples
-
この料理(りょうり)はおいしそうです。
Kono ryōri wa oishisō desu.
This dish looks delicious.
-
空(そら)が暗(くら)い。今(いま)にも雨(あめ)が降(ふ)りそうだ。
Sora ga kurai. Ima ni mo ame ga furisō da.
The sky is dark. It looks like it will rain any moment.
-
この椅子(いす)は古(ふる)くて、壊(こわ)れそうだ。
Kono isu wa furukute, kowaresō da.
This chair is old and looks like it will break.
Common mistakes
- いい → よさそう, ない → なさそう (not いそう).
- Do not use it for facts you have already confirmed.
More grammar points
- はずだ ~はずだ — “should be ~ / is expected to ~”
- はずがない ~はずがない — “there's no way ~”
- かしら ~かしら — “I wonder ~” (feminine)
- かもしれない ~かもしれない — “might ~ / maybe ~”
- かな ~かな — “I wonder ~”
- きっと きっと — “surely / certainly”
- みたいだ ~みたいだ — “seems like ~ / is like ~”
- みたいな ~みたいな — “~-like / such as ~” (before a noun)
- みたいに ~みたいに — “like ~” (before a verb or adjective)
- に見(み)える ~に見える — “look ~ / appear ~”
- らしい ~らしい — “it seems ~ / I hear ~”
- そうだ ~そうだ — hearsay (“I hear that ~”)
- そうに / そうな ~そうに / ~そうな — adverb and modifier forms of “looks ~”
- と言(い)われている ~と言われている — it is said that ~
- と聞(き)いた ~と聞いた — I heard that ~
- ようだ ~ようだ — it seems ~, it appears ~
- ように / ような ~ように/~ような — like ~, as ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
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