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JLPT N4 · Guessing & hearsay

そうだ (sou da [1])

~そうだ — hearsay (“I hear that ~”)

In short · Passes on something heard from another person or the news. Add そうだ to the plain form. It often appears with ~によると or ~の話では.
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Pattern

  • 普通形+そうだ Plain form + そうだ (降るそうだ / 寒いそうだ)
  • 名詞・な形容詞+だそうだ Noun / na-adj + だ + そうだ (雪だそうだ)

Meaning

It reports information you heard rather than your own opinion. The source usually comes first: 天気予報によると、明日は雪だそうです.

Versus appearance そうだ

The appearance そうだ attaches to the stem and describes how something looks (おいしそうだ). The hearsay そうだ attaches to the plain form (おいしいそうだ). Tell them apart by the form before it.

Examples

  • 天気予報(てんきよほう)によると、明日(あした)は雪(ゆき)だそうです。

    Tenki yohō ni yoru to, ashita wa yuki da sō desu.

    According to the forecast, it will snow tomorrow.

  • ニュースによると、来週(らいしゅう)は暖(あたた)かくなるそうだ。

    Nyūsu ni yoru to, raishū wa atatakaku naru sō da.

    According to the news, it will get warm next week.

  • 友(とも)だちの話(はなし)では、あの店(みせ)は来月(らいげつ)閉(し)まるそうだ。

    Tomodachi no hanashi de wa, ano mise wa raigetsu shimaru sō da.

    According to my friend, that shop will close next month.

Common mistakes

  • Hearsay そうだ is not made negative or past itself; put the tense inside the plain form before it.
  • Check whether it follows the plain form (hearsay) or the stem (appearance).

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