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JLPT N4 · Time & sequence

後(あと)で (ato de)

~あとで — “after ~ / later”

In short · あとで means ‘after ~’ when it follows a past-tense verb or noun + の, and ‘later’ when it stands alone. It states that one action happens after another. Verb た-form + あとで, noun + の + あとで.
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Pattern

  • 動詞た形+あとで ta-form + あとで (した後で)
  • 名詞+の+あとで noun + の + あとで (食事の後で)

Connection

After a verb use the plain past form: 宿題をした後で. After a noun use の: 食事の後で. The main verb can be any tense, since the tense follows the main clause.

Stand-alone あとで

あとで by itself means ‘later’: 後で電話します (I'll call later). It does not need a clause before it.

Compared with てから

Both mean ‘after’. てから stresses that the second action starts only once the first is done, while ~たあとで is more neutral about order and does not stress the immediacy. Also, あとで does not require the same subject.

Examples

  • 食事(しょくじ)の後(あと)で、薬(くすり)を飲(の)みます。

    Shokuji no ato de, kusuri o nomimasu.

    I take medicine after meals.

    Noun + の + 後で.

  • 宿題(しゅくだい)をした後(あと)で、遊(あそ)びに行(い)った。

    Shukudai o shita ato de, asobi ni itta.

    After I did my homework, I went out to play.

    した is the plain past of する.

  • 今(いま)は忙(いそが)しいので、後(あと)で電話(でんわ)します。

    Ima wa isogashii node, ato de denwa shimasu.

    I'm busy right now, so I'll call you later.

    Stand-alone 後で = ‘later’.

Common mistakes

  • Use the ta-form before 後で: 食べた後で, not 食べる後で.
  • After a noun you need の: 食事の後で, not 食事後で (the latter is written style, 食事後).

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