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JLPT N4 · Compound verbs & suffixes

がる / がっている (garu / gatteiru)

~がる / ~がっている — showing signs of a feeling (third person)

In short · Added to the stem of an i-adjective or na-adjective of feeling (ほしい, 怖い, 暑い, いやだ), it turns the adjective into a verb meaning “shows signs of feeling ~.” It is used for other people's feelings, not your own.
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Pattern

  • い形容詞の語幹 + がる(がっている) Drop い from the adjective: ほしい → ほしがる, 怖い → 怖がる, 暑い → 暑がる
  • な形容詞の語幹 + がる(がっている) Use the stem as it is: いや → いやがる, 不思議 → 不思議がる

Where it comes from

Feeling adjectives such as ほしい and 怖い describe a feeling that only the speaker can really know. To talk about someone else's feeling, add がる to the stem to make a verb. ~がっている shows that the person is in that state now.

When to use it

You can say 私はほしい (I want it), but for a third person you normally say 彼はほしがっている (he wants it), not 彼はほしい. It describes what you can see from the outside, so it carries a feeling close to “he seems to ~.”

Things to watch

The thing wanted or feared usually takes を instead of が once the word becomes ~がる (おもちゃをほしがる, 犬を怖がる). Do not use it for your own feelings.

Examples

  • 子(こ)どもが新(あたら)しいおもちゃをほしがっています。

    Kodomo ga atarashii omocha o hoshigatte imasu.

    The child wants the new toy.

    ほしい → ほしがる. The object takes を.

  • 妹(いもうと)は大(おお)きな犬(いぬ)を怖(こわ)がっている。

    Imōto wa ōkina inu o kowagatte iru.

    My little sister is afraid of the big dog.

    怖い → 怖がる: drop い, add がる.

  • みんなが暑(あつ)がっているので、窓(まど)を開(あ)けた。

    Minna ga atsugatte iru node, mado o aketa.

    Everyone seemed hot, so I opened the window.

Common mistakes

  • Do not use it for yourself. Say 私はほしい, not 私はほしがっている.
  • ~がっている describes outward behavior, so it does not fit the speaker's own emotions.

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