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JLPT N4 · Guessing & hearsay

ようだ (you da)

~ようだ — it seems ~, it appears ~

In short · Gives a judgment based on what the speaker has seen, heard or felt: “it seems ~.” It attaches to the plain form of verbs and adjectives, な-adjectives with な, and nouns with の. The tone is a little formal and soft.
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Pattern

  • 普通形 + ようだ verbs and い-adjectives: plain form + ようだ
  • な形容詞 + な/名詞 + の + ようだ 静かなようだ, 病気のようだ

Evidence you perceived yourself

ようだ is used when the speaker has some evidence from their own senses: 誰もいない (no one answers), みんなコートを着ている (everyone wears a coat), so 外は寒いようだ. The judgment is based on what you observe, not on pure guesswork.

Compared with similar forms

~そうだ (hearsay) passes on what you were told, and ~そうだ (appearance) is based on looks. ~らしい also has a hearsay feel. ようだ is the neutral choice for an inference from direct evidence. The polite form is ようです.

Examples

  • 家(いえ)には誰(だれ)もいないようだ。

    Ie ni wa dare mo inai yō da.

    It seems no one is at home.

  • 外(そと)は寒(さむ)いようだ。みんなコートを着(き)ている。

    Soto wa samui yō da. Minna kōto o kite iru.

    It seems cold outside. Everyone is wearing a coat.

  • 隣(となり)の部屋(へや)には誰(だれ)かいるようです。

    Tonari no heya ni wa dare ka iru yō desu.

    It seems someone is in the next room.

Common mistakes

  • Nouns take の and な-adjectives take な before ようだ: 病気のようだ, 静かなようだ.
  • It is not for things the speaker already knows for sure, such as your own feelings.

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