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JLPT N3 · Sentence patterns

と共(とも)に (to tomo ni)

と共に — “together with ~ / along with ~”

In short · と共に has two main uses. After a person or thing it means “together with ~.” After a change or event it means “along with ~; as ~ happens, … also happens.” It is somewhat formal and common in writing.
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Pattern

  • 名詞(人) + と共に + 動詞 person + と共に: together with (家族と共に)
  • 名詞(変化) / 動詞辞書形 + と共に change noun / dictionary form + と共に: along with, as (発展と共に, 年を取ると共に)

Together with someone

After a person, と共に means the same as と一緒に but is more formal. 家族と共に、新しい町で暮らし始めた. It can describe a shared action or experience.

Along with a change

After a noun showing change or a verb's dictionary form, it says that two changes happen in step: 経済の発展と共に、生活が便利になった. The first is the trend, and the second changes with it.

Notes

The second half can also state a simultaneous event: 卒業と共に、新しい生活が始まった. Compared with ~につれて, と共に includes a stronger sense of “at the same time.”

Examples

  • 経済(けいざい)の発展(はってん)と共(とも)に、生活(せいかつ)が便利(べんり)になった。

    Keizai no hatten to tomo ni, seikatsu ga benri ni natta.

    Along with economic development, life became more convenient.

  • 年(とし)を取(と)ると共(とも)に、記憶力(きおくりょく)が落(お)ちてきた。

    Toshi o toru to tomo ni, kioku-ryoku ga ochite kita.

    As I have grown older, my memory has declined.

  • 家族(かぞく)と共(とも)に、新(あたら)しい町(まち)で暮(く)らし始(はじ)めた。

    Kazoku to tomo ni, atarashii machi de kurashi hajimeta.

    I started living in a new town together with my family.

Common mistakes

  • For the “along with a change” meaning, the first part must show a change or an event, not an ordinary noun.
  • It is formal. In casual talk, use と一緒に.

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