と共(とも)に (to tomo ni)
と共に — “together with ~ / along with ~”
Pattern
-
名詞(人) + と共に + 動詞person + と共に: together with (家族と共に) -
名詞(変化) / 動詞辞書形 + と共にchange noun / dictionary form + と共に: along with, as (発展と共に, 年を取ると共に)
Together with someone
After a person, と共に means the same as と一緒に but is more formal. 家族と共に、新しい町で暮らし始めた. It can describe a shared action or experience.
Along with a change
After a noun showing change or a verb's dictionary form, it says that two changes happen in step: 経済の発展と共に、生活が便利になった. The first is the trend, and the second changes with it.
Notes
The second half can also state a simultaneous event: 卒業と共に、新しい生活が始まった. Compared with ~につれて, と共に includes a stronger sense of “at the same time.”
Examples
-
経済(けいざい)の発展(はってん)と共(とも)に、生活(せいかつ)が便利(べんり)になった。
Keizai no hatten to tomo ni, seikatsu ga benri ni natta.
Along with economic development, life became more convenient.
-
年(とし)を取(と)ると共(とも)に、記憶力(きおくりょく)が落(お)ちてきた。
Toshi o toru to tomo ni, kioku-ryoku ga ochite kita.
As I have grown older, my memory has declined.
-
家族(かぞく)と共(とも)に、新(あたら)しい町(まち)で暮(く)らし始(はじ)めた。
Kazoku to tomo ni, atarashii machi de kurashi hajimeta.
I started living in a new town together with my family.
Common mistakes
- For the “along with a change” meaning, the first part must show a change or an event, not an ordinary noun.
- It is formal. In casual talk, use と一緒に.
More grammar points
- ばよかった ~ばよかった — I should have ~, if only I had ~
- ばかりで ~ばかりで — only ~ (and nothing else, with a negative feeling)
- ばかりでなく ~ばかりでなく — not only ~ but also ~
- だけでなく ~だけでなく — not only ~ but also ~
- だけど だけど — but, however (casual)
- ふりをする ~ふりをする — pretending to ~
- 一方(いっぽう)だ ~一方だ — keeps ~ing in one direction
- 一体(いったい) 一体 — what on earth ~ (emphasizing a question)
- じゃない ~じゃない — isn't it ~! (surprise or confirmation)
- か何(なに)か ~か何か — ~ or something
- 代(か)わりに ~代わりに — instead of ~, in return for ~
- 結局(けっきょく) 結局 — in the end, after all
- きり ~きり — only ~; ever since ~
- っけ ~っけ — was it ~? (recalling)
- ことになっている ~ことになっている — it is the rule or plan that ~
- ことは~が ~ことは~が — it is true that ~, but ~
- くせに ~くせに — even though ~ (with reproach)
- も~ば~も A も ~ば B も ~ — both A and B
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