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JLPT N3 · Compound verbs & suffixes

的(てき) (teki)

~的 — “-like / -al” (makes an adjective)

In short · The suffix 的 (てき) attaches to a noun (mostly a Sino-Japanese word) and makes a な-type adjective: 現実的 (realistic), 具体的 (concrete). It adds the meaning “having the nature of ~ / in the manner of ~.”
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Pattern

  • 名詞(漢語) + 的 + な + 名詞 noun + 的な + noun (具体的な説明)
  • 名詞 + 的 + に + 動詞/形容詞 noun + 的に + verb (積極的に手を挙げる)
  • 名詞 + 的 + だ/です noun + 的だ as the predicate (現実的だ)

Meaning and forms

的 turns a noun into a な-adjective, so it works like other な-adjectives: 現実的だ, 具体的な説明, 積極的に. It is mostly added to Sino-Japanese (kango) nouns.

Common words

Frequent words include 基本的, 一般的, 具体的, 積極的, 消極的, 個人的, 国際的, 科学的, 論理的. The meaning is “having the quality of ~.”

Notes

Not every noun can take 的. Learn each word as a unit. Do not add it to native Japanese words (e.g., 山的 is not used).

Examples

  • 彼(かれ)の意見(いけん)はとても現実的(げんじつてき)だ。

    Kare no iken wa totemo genjitsuteki da.

    His opinion is very realistic.

  • この計画(けいかく)には、具体的(ぐたいてき)な説明(せつめい)が足(た)りない。

    Kono keikaku ni wa, gutaiteki na setsumei ga tarinai.

    This plan lacks a concrete explanation.

  • 兄(あに)はいつも積極的(せっきょくてき)に手(て)を挙(あ)げる。

    Ani wa itsumo sekkyokuteki ni te o ageru.

    My older brother always raises his hand proactively.

Common mistakes

  • It behaves like a な-adjective: 具体的な説明, 積極的に. Do not say 具体的の説明.
  • Not all nouns take 的. Learn common combinations as set words.

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