Requests & commands (three politeness levels)

② Nepali grammar rules

1. Respectful requests in -नुहोस्

Compare बस्नु→बस्नुहोस् / गर्नु→गर्नुहोस् / हेर्नु→हेर्नुहोस्.
Respectful present गर्नुहुन्छ states an action; गर्नुहोस् requests it.
These endings are not interchangeable.

2. Common request verbs

दिनुहोस् requests giving; लिनुहोस् taking; आउनुहोस् coming.
Add a place/item: यहाँ आउनुहोस् (please come here) / यो लिनुहोस् (please take this).
A separate word equivalent to please is not obligatory in every polite request.

3. -दिनु for an action done for someone

लेखिदिनुहोस्/गरिदिनुहोस् request an action for someone.
Compare लेख्नुहोस् with लेखि + दिनुहोस्; the latter adds a benefactive sense. दिनु need not refer to giving a physical object.

4. Familiar versus respectful requests

Contrast low-grade बस with respectful बस्नुहोस्.
Familiar requests can use forms such as बस/बस न (do sit down, familiar request); consult topic 7 and the tables for the appropriate relationship.
Use respectful requests as the default with strangers.

5. A request versus an offer

गर्नुहोस् requests the listener's action; गरूँ? offers the speaker's action; गरौं proposes shared action.
These participant differences are encoded in the verb form.