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JLPT N5 · Verb forms

ている (te iru)

~ている — “is ~ing” and continuing states

In short · Verb て-form + いる shows an action in progress (‘is ~ing’) or a state that continues as a result (‘is ~ed’). It is one of the most useful forms in Japanese. The polite form is ~ています.
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Pattern

  • 動詞て形+いる(います) te-form + いる (見ている, 降っている)

Action in progress

With verbs of ongoing action, it means ‘is doing’: 見ている (is watching), 読んでいる (is reading), 降っている (is raining). It also covers habits such as 毎日走っている (I run every day).

Resulting state

With verbs of change, it shows the state after the change: 結婚している (is married), 住んでいる (lives), 知っている (knows). It does not mean ‘is in the middle of changing’.

Connection

Make the て-form and add いる. In speech the い is often dropped: 見てる. The question form is 何をしていますか (What are you doing?).

Examples

  • 今(いま)、テレビを見(み)ています。

    Ima, terebi o mite imasu.

    I am watching TV now.

    Action in progress, with 今 (now).

  • 父(ちち)は新聞(しんぶん)を読(よ)んでいます。

    Chichi wa shinbun o yonde imasu.

    My father is reading the newspaper.

    読んで ends in で, but the pattern is the same.

  • 外(そと)で雨(あめ)が降(ふ)っています。

    Soto de ame ga futte imasu.

    It's raining outside.

    An ongoing event you can see or hear.

Common mistakes

  • Some verbs mean a state, not an action: 結婚しています means ‘I am married’, not ‘I am getting married’.
  • For ‘I know’, say 知っています; for ‘I don't know’ say 知りません (not 知っていません).

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