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JLPT N5 · Sentence patterns

んです (ndesu)

~んです — explaining the situation

In short · Added at the end to explain a reason or situation, or to ask for an explanation. It is the spoken form of のです and attaches to plain forms.
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Pattern

  • 動詞・い形容詞の普通形+んです verb or い-adjective plain form + んです
  • 名詞・な形容詞+な+んです noun / な-adjective + な + んです

How to use it

頭が痛いんです explains a situation: “the thing is, my head hurts.” It conveys the reason more than plain 頭が痛いです.

In questions

It also appears in questions about reasons or circumstances: どうしたんですか, 行くんですか.

How to form it

Insert な after a noun or な-adjective (元気なんです). Past: 頭が痛かったんです.

Examples

  • 頭(あたま)が痛(いた)いんです。

    Atama ga itai ndesu.

    The thing is, I have a headache.

  • お腹(なか)がすいたんです。

    Onaka ga suita ndesu.

    The thing is, I'm hungry.

  • 明日(あした)から旅行(りょこう)に行(い)くんです。

    Ashita kara ryokō ni iku ndesu.

    The thing is, I'm going on a trip from tomorrow.

Common mistakes

  • Do not use it for a plain fact. Use it when you are explaining or giving a reason.
  • After a noun or な-adjective use な, not だ (not 学生だんです).

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