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JLPT N4 · Compound verbs & suffixes

さ (sa)

~さ — turns an adjective into a noun (“-ness”)

In short · Adding さ to an i-adjective stem or na-adjective stem makes a noun for the degree of that quality: 高い → 高さ, 重い → 重さ, 寒い → 寒さ.
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Pattern

  • い形容詞(い取る)+さ い-adj minus い + さ (高い → 高さ)
  • な形容詞の語幹+さ Na-adj stem + さ (静か → 静かさ)

How to make it

For i-adjectives drop the final い and add さ; いい becomes よさ. For na-adjectives, add さ directly to the stem.

How it is used

Many are measurable quantities: 高さ, 重さ, 長さ, 広さ, 大きさ. Others show the strength of a feeling: 寒さ, 楽しさ. The result behaves as a noun and takes の, は, に and so on.

Examples

  • この山(やま)の高(たか)さは三千(さんぜん)メートルです。

    Kono yama no takasa wa sanzen mētoru desu.

    The height of this mountain is 3,000 meters.

  • この荷物(にもつ)の重(おも)さは十(じゅう)キロだ。

    Kono nimotsu no omosa wa jukkiro da.

    The weight of this luggage is ten kilos.

  • 冬(ふゆ)の朝(あさ)の寒(さむ)さには驚(おどろ)いた。

    Fuyu no asa no samusa ni wa odoroita.

    I was surprised by the coldness of a winter morning.

Common mistakes

  • いい becomes よさ, not いさ.
  • Not every adjective takes さ naturally; learn the common pairs.

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