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JLPT N4 · Verb forms

られる (rareru)

~られる — potential form (can ~)

In short · The potential form meaning “can do ~”. Group 2 verbs add られる to the stem; group 1 verbs change the final sound to the え-row + る; する becomes できる and 来る becomes 来られる.
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Pattern

  • 2グループ動詞:語幹+られる Group 2: stem + られる (起きる → 起きられる)
  • 1グループ動詞:え段+る Group 1: え-row + る (行く → 行ける)
  • 3グループ動詞 Group 3: する → できる, 来る → 来られる

Form and meaning

The potential form expresses ability or possibility. られる is the potential of group 2 verbs and 来る: 見られる, 食べられる, 来られる.

Particles and cautions

The object can take を or が (果物が食べられる). In speech you will hear ら-dropped forms like 食べれる, but in writing and exams use 食べられる. For group 2 verbs the form is the same as the passive, so context decides.

Examples

  • 朝(あさ)早(はや)く起(お)きられますか。

    Asa hayaku okiraremasu ka.

    Can you get up early in the morning?

  • この店(みせ)では珍(めずら)しい果物(くだもの)が食(た)べられる。

    Kono mise de wa mezurashii kudamono ga taberareru.

    At this shop you can eat rare fruit.

  • 明日(あした)なら何時(なんじ)でも来(こ)られます。

    Ashita nara nanji demo koraremasu.

    Tomorrow I can come at any time.

Common mistakes

  • Do not add られる to group 1 verbs for ability; use 行ける, not 行かれる.
  • Avoid ら-dropping (食べれる) in writing and exams.

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