JLPT N4 · Compound verbs & suffixes
終(お)わる (owaru)
~終わる — “finish ~ing”
In short · Attached to the verb stem, it means finishing an action through to the end: やり終わる, 読み終わる, 食べ終わる.
Pattern
-
動詞ます形の語幹+終わる読みます → 読み終わる
Form
読む → 読み終わる, 食べる → 食べ終わる, する → し終わる. 終わる conjugates normally (読み終わった, 読み終わったら).
Which verbs
It goes with actions that take some time, such as 読む, 書く, 食べる, やる. It does not combine with instant actions (× 死に終わる). ~終える has a slightly stronger sense of deliberately finishing.
Examples
-
やっと宿題(しゅくだい)をやり終(お)わりました。
Yatto shukudai o yari-owarimashita.
I finally finished my homework.
-
この本(ほん)を読(よ)み終(お)わったら貸(か)します。
Kono hon o yomi-owattara kashimasu.
When I finish reading this book, I'll lend it to you.
-
食(た)べ終(お)わったお皿(さら)を台所(だいどころ)へ運(はこ)ぶ。
Tabe-owatta osara o daidokoro e hakobu.
I carry the plates I finished eating from to the kitchen.
Common mistakes
- Attach it to the stem, not the te-form (読み終わる, not 読んで終わる).
- It cannot be used with instantaneous actions.
More grammar points
- 出(だ)す ~出す — “start ~ing suddenly”
- がり ~がり — a person who easily feels ~
- がる / がっている ~がる / ~がっている — showing signs of a feeling (third person)
- 始(はじ)める ~始める — begin to do ~
- にくい ~にくい — “hard to ~”
- さ ~さ — turns an adjective into a noun (“-ness”)
- 続(つづ)ける ~続ける — keep on ~ing
- やすい ~やすい — easy to ~, tends to ~
- づらい ~づらい — hard to ~, awkward to ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
- 間(あいだ)に ~間に — “while ~ (something happens during that time)”
- あまり~ない あまり~ない — “not very ~ / not much”
- 後(あと)で ~あとで — “after ~ / later”
- ば ~ば — the conditional “if ~”
- 場合(ばあい)は ~場合は — “in the case of ~ / if ~”
- ばかり ばかり — “nothing but ~ / only ~”
- だけで ~だけで — “just by ~ / with only ~”
- でございます ~でございます — the very polite “to be”
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