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JLPT N4 · Requests, permission & prohibition

なければいけない (nakereba ikenai)

~なければいけない — “have to ~ / must ~”

In short · なければいけない says that you have to do something. It attaches to the ない form of a verb (drop い, add なければ). It is used for duties, rules and necessary things, and is a little more conversational than なければならない.
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Pattern

  • 動詞ない形(〜ない → 〜なければ)+ いけない 終わらせる → 終わらせなければいけない
  • い形容詞く/な形容詞で/名詞で + なければいけない 静かでなければいけない (must be quiet)

Where it comes from

~なければ is the conditional form of ~ない, so the pattern literally says “if you don't ~, it won't do.” This became the standard way to express obligation. The polite form is なければいけません.

When to use it

Use it for deadlines, rules and health reasons: 明日は朝早く起きなければいけない, 病院へ行く前に、電話しなければいけません. In speech, it contracts to なきゃ(いけない).

Difference from similar words

なければならない is somewhat more formal, while なければいけない suits conversation. Both can be replaced by しなくてはいけない or しなくてはならない. The opposite, しなくてもいい, means there is no obligation.

Examples

  • 今日(きょう)中(じゅう)に終(お)わらせなければいけません。

    Kyōjū ni owarasenakereba ikemasen.

    I have to finish it by the end of today.

  • 明日(あした)は朝(あさ)早(はや)く起(お)きなければいけない。

    Ashita wa asa hayaku okinakereba ikenai.

    I have to get up early tomorrow morning.

  • 病院(びょういん)へ行(い)く前(まえ)に、電話(でんわ)しなければいけません。

    Byōin e iku mae ni, denwa shinakereba ikemasen.

    I have to call before going to the hospital.

Common mistakes

  • Form it correctly: 食べなければ, not 食べないければ.
  • Do not confuse it with the prohibition ~てはいけない. 行かなければいけない means “must go,” while 行ってはいけない means “must not go.”

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