も (mo)
数量+も — “as many / as much as ~” (emphasis)
Pattern
-
数量詞 + も + 動詞百冊も持っている / 五つも食べた -
時間・距離 + も + 動詞二時間も歩いた (walked as long as two hours)
Where it comes from
It extends the “also, even” sense of も: right after an amount, it stresses that the amount is more than expected. The rest of the sentence is normally affirmative.
When to use it
Use it when a number, time or amount surprises you: 彼は本を百冊も持っています, 駅まで二時間も歩いた, 昨日はケーキを五つも食べた.
Things to watch
It stresses large amounts, so it does not suit small numbers. To stress how little, use しか~ない or だけ. 一つも~ない in a negative sentence is a different use that stresses zero.
Examples
-
彼(かれ)は本(ほん)を百冊(ひゃくさつ)も持(も)っています。
Kare wa hon o hyakusatsu mo motte imasu.
He has as many as a hundred books.
-
駅(えき)まで二時間(にじかん)も歩(ある)いた。
Eki made nijikan mo aruita.
I walked as long as two hours to the station.
-
昨日(きのう)はケーキを五(いつ)つも食(た)べた。
Kinō wa kēki o itsutsu mo tabeta.
Yesterday I ate as many as five cakes.
Common mistakes
- Put も right after the amount. Mind the position: 本を百冊も is not the same as 本も百冊.
- Do not use it to stress a small amount; say 一冊しか持っていない.
More grammar points
- ばかり ばかり — “nothing but ~ / only ~”
- かい かい — a casual, friendly yes/no question ending
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
- 間(あいだ)に ~間に — “while ~ (something happens during that time)”
- あまり~ない あまり~ない — “not very ~ / not much”
- 後(あと)で ~あとで — “after ~ / later”
- ば ~ば — the conditional “if ~”
- 場合(ばあい)は ~場合は — “in the case of ~ / if ~”
- だけで ~だけで — “just by ~ / with only ~”
- 出(だ)す ~出す — “start ~ing suddenly”
- でございます ~でございます — the very polite “to be”
- でも 名詞でも — “~ or something / how about ~?”
- ではないか ~ではないか — “isn’t it ~? / isn’t that so?”
- が必要(がひつよう) ~が必要だ — “~ is necessary / needed”
- がする ~がする — sensing a smell, sound, taste or feeling
- がり ~がり — a person who easily feels ~
- がる / がっている ~がる / ~がっている — showing signs of a feeling (third person)
- ございます ございます — the polite “there is / it is”
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