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JLPT N4 · Compound verbs & suffixes

始(はじ)める (hajimeru)

~始める — begin to do ~

In short · Attached to the ます-stem of a verb, 始める means “begin to ~.” It marks the moment an action or change starts, and is often followed by continuing action.
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Pattern

  • 動詞ます形の語幹 + 始める 咲く → 咲き始める, 習う → 習い始める
  • い形容詞く+なり + 始める Often used with なる: 明るくなり始める (begins to get brighter)

Where it comes from

Take the ます-stem of a verb (咲き, 習い) and add 始める. The verb 始める itself is transitive, but in this pattern it can also follow intransitive verbs of change such as 咲く and 明るくなる.

When to use it

Use it for the start of natural change (桜が咲き始める, 雨が降り始める) or of something you take up (ピアノを習い始める). Because the action is expected to continue, it is not used with instant actions such as 着く.

Difference from similar words

~出す feels like a sudden start (雨が降り出した). ~始める is more neutral and works for both deliberate and natural starts. The opposite is ~終わる.

Examples

  • 桜(さくら)が咲(さ)き始(はじ)めました。

    Sakura ga sakihajimemashita.

    The cherry blossoms have begun to bloom.

  • 先月(せんげつ)からピアノを習(なら)い始(はじ)めた。

    Sengetsu kara piano o naraihajimeta.

    I started learning the piano last month.

  • 朝(あさ)になり、空(そら)が明(あか)るくなり始(はじ)めた。

    Asa ni nari, sora ga akaruku narihajimeta.

    Morning came and the sky began to brighten.

Common mistakes

  • Always attach it to the ます-stem. 咲く始める and 咲いて始める are wrong.
  • It does not normally attach to instant actions or state verbs such as ある and できる.

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