際(さい)に (sai ni)
~際に — at the time of ~ / when ~
Pattern
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動詞辞書形/た形+際にverb dictionary or ta-form + 際に (運転する際に) -
名詞+の+際にnoun + の + 際に (入学の際に)
Meaning and use
Just as お降りの際 politely says “when getting off,” it politely names the moment of an action or situation. The second half is often what to do or watch for at that time (お降りの際は、足元にご注意ください). は is often added: 際は.
Compared with とき
It is more formal than とき and is normally used for a special, one-time occasion, procedure or event. In casual daily situations use とき. 入学する際 is a one-time event; it does not suit repeated actions like 毎朝起きる際.
Examples
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お降(お)りの際(さい)は、足元(あしもと)にご注意(ちゅうい)ください。
Oori no sai wa, ashimoto ni gochūi kudasai.
Please watch your step when getting off.
A typical announcement.
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入学(にゅうがく)の際(さい)に、必要(ひつよう)な書類(しょるい)を提出(ていしゅつ)してください。
Nyūgaku no sai ni, hitsuyō na shorui o teishutsu shite kudasai.
When you enroll, please submit the necessary documents.
Noun + の + 際に.
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車(くるま)を運転(うんてん)する際(さい)は、必(かなら)ずシートベルトを締(し)めましょう。
Kuruma o unten suru sai wa, kanarazu shītoberuto o shimemashō.
When driving a car, always fasten your seatbelt.
Verb dictionary form + 際は.
Common mistakes
- Nouns need の: × 入学際に, ○ 入学の際に.
- It is stiff in casual talk. With friends use とき.
More grammar points
- ぶりに ~ぶりに — for the first time in ~ (a period)
- 中(ちゅう) ~中 (ちゅう/じゅう) — during ~, within ~
- ふと ふと — suddenly, on an impulse
- ごとに ~ごとに — every ~, at each ~
- 一度(いちど)に 一度に — all at once
- から〜にかけて ~から~にかけて — from ~ through ~
- にかけて ~から~にかけて — spanning from ~ to ~
- につれて ~につれて — as ~ progresses, ~ changes
- 最中(さいちゅう)に ~最中に — right in the middle of ~
- しばらく しばらく — for a while
- すでに すでに — already
- たとたん ~たとたん — “the moment ~”
- たびに ~たびに — “every time ~”
- てはじめて ~てはじめて — “only after ~ing”
- てからでないと ~てからでないと — “not unless ~ first”
- 途中(とちゅう)で/途中(とちゅう)に 途中で/途中に — “on the way / partway through”
- ついに ついに — “finally / in the end”
- うちに ~うちに — “while ~ / before it changes”
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