JLPT N5 · Reason & cause
どうして (doushite)
どうして — asking “why”
In short · A question word that asks for a reason or cause. It goes at the start of a sentence or before the predicate. The answer uses 〜からです or 〜ので.
Pattern
-
どうして+文+かどうして + sentence + か -
〜のですか/んですか…のですか (a natural way to ask a reason)
How to use it
どうして + sentence asks why something happened. どうして学校を休みましたか asks the reason for being absent.
How to answer
Answer with 〜からです or 〜ので (風邪をひいたからです).
Difference from なぜ
The meaning is almost the same. どうして suits conversation; なぜ is a little more formal and also used in writing.
Examples
-
どうして学校(がっこう)を休(やす)みましたか。
Dōshite gakkō o yasumimashita ka.
Why were you absent from school?
-
どうしてご飯(はん)を食(た)べないのですか。
Dōshite gohan o tabenai no desu ka.
Why aren't you eating?
-
どうしてこの店(みせ)が好(す)きですか。
Dōshite kono mise ga suki desu ka.
Why do you like this shop?
Common mistakes
- Finish the answer with 〜からです. Just 〜です does not read as a reason.
- Said strongly, it can sound like blame.
More grammar points
- から ~から — “because ~”
- ので ~ので — “because ~” (softer than から)
- は は (wa) — the topic particle
- を を (o) — the object particle
- に に (ni) — time, destination, location
- で で (de) — place of action & means
- と と (to) — and / together with
- の の (no) — possessive & noun linker
- へ へ (e) — direction
- も も (mo) — also / too
- か か (ka) — the question marker
- です です (desu) — the copula
- から から・まで — from … to …
- より より (yori) — than (comparison)
- ます 〜ます — the polite verb form
- て て-form — connecting & requests
- ない ない-form — the plain negative
- た た-form — the plain past
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