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JLPT N4 · Reason & cause

のに (noni)

~のに — “for ~ing” (purpose)

In short · Attached to the dictionary form of a verb, it states a purpose or use: “used for ~ing / useful for ~ing / needed for ~ing / takes ~ to do”.
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Pattern

  • 動詞辞書形+のに Dictionary form + のに (開けるのに)

Form and meaning

Verb dictionary form + のに means roughly “in order to ~”. You can think of it as the nominalizer の plus the particle に.

What follows

It is followed by words about use, usefulness, need, or time and cost: 使う, 役立つ, 便利だ, 必要だ, かかる, いい. Unlike ために, it is not natural for stating the purpose of a deliberate action such as 買う or 行く.

Examples

  • この道具(どうぐ)は缶(かん)を開(あ)けるのに使(つか)います。

    Kono dōgu wa kan o akeru noni tsukaimasu.

    This tool is used for opening cans.

  • この本(ほん)は日本語(にほんご)を勉強(べんきょう)するのに役立(やくだ)つ。

    Kono hon wa Nihongo o benkyō suru noni yakudatsu.

    This book is useful for studying Japanese.

  • 駅(えき)まで行(い)くのに三十分(さんじゅっぷん)かかる。

    Eki made iku noni sanjuppun kakaru.

    It takes thirty minutes to get to the station.

Common mistakes

  • This is different from the contrastive のに (“although”); tell them apart by context.
  • Unlike ために, it does not normally lead into verbs like 行く or 買う (× 勉強するのに日本へ行く).

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