JLPTMainichi JLPT
English
JLPT N4 · Guessing & hearsay

かな (kana)

~かな — “I wonder ~”

In short · かな is a casual sentence-final expression meaning “I wonder if ~.” It voices a doubt or question to yourself, or a soft question to a close listener. Both men and women use it.
A free study page from Mainichi JLPT — the app has 429+ grammar points, plus vocabulary and mock exams.See the app

Pattern

  • 動詞・い形容詞の普通形 + かな 間に合う → 間に合うかな / うまくいく → うまくいくかな
  • 名詞・な形容詞(だ を除く)+ かな どこの国の人かな

Where it comes from

It is the question か with a softening な. The meaning is close to かしら, but both men and women use it. Nouns and na-adjectives take no だ.

When to use it

Use it to mutter about something you don't know or worry about: 明日の試験はうまくいくかな. It can also make an indirect request, as in 手伝ってくれないかな.

Things to watch

It is casual; use でしょうか with superiors or in formal situations. かな often does not seek an answer, but with a rising tone, ~かな? asks a close listener.

Examples

  • 約束(やくそく)の時間(じかん)に間(ま)に合(あ)うかな。

    Yakusoku no jikan ni maniau kana.

    I wonder if I'll make it in time for the appointment.

  • 明日(あした)の試験(しけん)はうまくいくかな。

    Ashita no shiken wa umaku iku kana.

    I wonder if tomorrow's exam will go well.

  • あの人(ひと)はどこの国(くに)の人(ひと)かな。

    Ano hito wa doko no kuni no hito kana.

    I wonder what country that person is from.

Common mistakes

  • Do not add だ: it is 人かな, not 人だかな.
  • Do not use it with superiors; say ~でしょうか politely.

More grammar points

Practice this in the app

Mainichi JLPT turns these grammar points into daily quizzes and a readiness gauge — 100% free, no sign-up.

See the app