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JLPT N5 · Time & sequence

もう (mou)

もう~ — “already” / “not any more”

In short · An adverb meaning “already” in affirmative sentences and “not any more” in negative ones. It is also common in the question もう〜ましたか.
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Pattern

  • もう+動詞(過去) もう + past verb (もう食べました)
  • もう+否定 もう + negative (もう食べません)

Already

It says something is already done. もう昼ご飯を食べました means lunch has already been eaten.

Question and answer

もう食べましたか → はい、もう食べました / いいえ、まだです.

Negative もう

もう〜ません means not any more (もう食べません = I won’t eat any more). This differs from まだ〜ていません.

Examples

  • もう昼(ひる)ご飯(はん)を食(た)べました。

    Mō hirugohan o tabemashita.

    I have already eaten lunch.

  • もう宿題(しゅくだい)は終(お)わりました。

    Mō shukudai wa owarimashita.

    I've already finished my homework.

  • もう電車(でんしゃ)は出(で)ました。

    Mō densha wa demashita.

    The train has already left.

Common mistakes

  • Do not use もう〜ませんでした to mean “not yet.” Use まだ〜ていません.
  • もう in もう一つ (one more) is a separate use.

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